sHORCUTS kEYS OF oFFICE 2010

Key Behavior
CTRL+SHIFT+A Converts the selected text to capital letters or vice versa
CTRL+SHIFT+F Displays the Font dialog box.
CTRL+SHIFT+G Displays the Word Count dialog box.
CTRL+SHIFT+S Displays the Apply Styles task pane.
ALT+R Displays the Review tab
ALT+CTRL+1 Apply Heading 1, Similarly ALT + CTRL + 2 will apply heading 2
CTRL+SHIFT+L Applies Bullets
CTRL+SHIFT+F5 Bookmark
CTRL + B Bold Text
CTRL + I Italic Text
CTRL + U Underline Text
CTRL + Page dwn Browse Next
CTRL+E Navigate to the center Paragraph
CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER Column Break
CTRL+SHIFT+C Copy Format
ALT+SHIFT+F7 Dictionary
ALT+CTRL+S Splits the Document
CTRL+SHIFT+D Double Underline
CTRL+END End of Document
END End of line
CTRL+SHIFT+P Font size select
SHIFT+F5 or ALT+CTRL+Z Go Back to previous state
CTRL+SHIFT+. Grow Font
CTRL+] Grow Font one point
ALT+SHIFT+R Header Footer Link
CTRL+K Hyperlink
CTRL+M Indentation
CTRL+J Justifies Paragraph
ALT+F8 Inserts Macros
ALT+SHIFT+K Mail Merge Check
F10 Menu Mode
ALT+F7 Moves to the Next Misspelling
CTRL+H Replace
CTRL+P Print
CTRL+SHIFT+F12 Also launches Print
ALT+SHIFT+BACKSPACE Redo
F12 Save As
CTRL+SHIFT+K Small Caps
CTRL+SHIFT+S Style
SHIFT+F7 Thesaurus
ALT+SHIFT+T Time Field
CTRL+SHIFT+M Unindent

Key
Description
CTRL+SHIFT+(
Unhides any hidden rows within the selection.
CTRL+SHIFT+)
Unhides any hidden columns within the selection.
CTRL+SHIFT+&
Applies the outline border to the selected cells.
CTRL+SHIFT_
Removes the outline border from the selected cells.
CTRL+SHIFT+~
Applies the General number format.
CTRL+SHIFT+$
Applies the Currency format with two decimal places (negative numbers in parentheses).
CTRL+SHIFT+%
Applies the Percentage format with no decimal places.
CTRL+SHIFT+^
Applies the Exponential number format with two decimal places.
CTRL+SHIFT+#
Applies the Date format with the day, month, and year.
CTRL+SHIFT+@
Applies the Time format with the hour and minute, and AM or PM.
CTRL+SHIFT+!
Applies the Number format with two decimal places, thousands separator, and minus sign (-) for negative values.
CTRL+SHIFT+*
Selects the current region around the active cell (the data area enclosed by blank rows and blank columns).
In a PivotTable, it selects the entire PivotTable report.
CTRL+SHIFT+:
Enters the current time.
CTRL+SHIFT+"
Copies the value from the cell above the active cell into the cell or the Formula Bar.
CTRL+SHIFT+Plus (+)
Displays the Insert dialog box to insert blank cells.
CTRL+Minus (-)
Displays the Delete dialog box to delete the selected cells.
CTRL+;
Enters the current date.
CTRL+`
Alternates between displaying cell values and displaying formulas in the worksheet.
CTRL+'
Copies a formula from the cell above the active cell into the cell or the Formula Bar.
CTRL+1
Displays the Format Cells dialog box.
CTRL+2
Applies or removes bold formatting.
CTRL+3
Applies or removes italic formatting.
CTRL+4
Applies or removes underlining.
CTRL+5
Applies or removes strikethrough.
CTRL+6
Alternates between hiding objects, displaying objects, and displaying placeholders for objects.


CTRL+8
Displays or hides the outline symbols.
CTRL+9
Hides the selected rows.
CTRL+0
Hides the selected columns.
CTRL+A
Selects the entire worksheet.
If the worksheet contains data, CTRL+A selects the current region. Pressing CTRL+A a second time selects the current region and its summary rows. Pressing CTRL+A a third time selects the entire worksheet.
When the insertion point is to the right of a function name in a formula, displays the Function Arguments dialog box.
CTRL+SHIFT+A inserts the argument names and parentheses when the insertion point is to the right of a function name in a formula.
CTRL+B
Applies or removes bold formatting.
CTRL+C
Copies the selected cells.
CTRL+C followed by another CTRL+C displays the Clipboard.
CTRL+D
Uses the Fill Down command to copy the contents and format of the topmost cell of a selected range into the cells below.
CTRL+F
Displays the Find and Replace dialog box, with the Find tab selected.
SHIFT+F5 also displays this tab, while SHIFT+F4 repeats the last Find action.
CTRL+SHIFT+F opens the Format Cells dialog box with the Font tab selected.
CTRL+G
Displays the Go To dialog box.
F5 also displays this dialog box.
CTRL+H
Displays the Find and Replace dialog box, with the Replace tab selected.
CTRL+I
Applies or removes italic formatting.
CTRL+K
Displays the Insert Hyperlink dialog box for new hyperlinks or the Edit Hyperlink dialog box for selected existing hyperlinks.
CTRL+N
Creates a new, blank workbook.
CTRL+O
Displays the Open dialog box to open or find a file.
CTRL+SHIFT+O selects all cells that contain comments.
CTRL+P
Displays the Print dialog box.
CTRL+SHIFT+P opens the Format Cells dialog box with the Font tab selected.
CTRL+R
Uses the Fill Right command to copy the contents and format of the leftmost cell of a selected range into the cells to the right.
CTRL+S
Saves the active file with its current file name, location, and file format.
CTRL+T
Displays the Create Table dialog box.
CTRL+U
Applies or removes underlining.
CTRL+SHIFT+U switches between expanding and collapsing of the formula bar.
CTRL+V
Inserts the contents of the Clipboard at the insertion point and replaces any selection. Available only after you have cut or copied an object, text, or cell contents.
CTRL+ALT+V displays the Paste Special dialog box. Available only after you have cut or copied an object, text, or cell contents on a worksheet or in another program.
CTRL+W
Closes the selected workbook window.
CTRL+X
Cuts the selected cells.
CTRL+Y
Repeats the last command or action, if possible.
CTRL+Z
Uses the Undo command to reverse the last command or to delete the last entry that you typed.
CTRL+SHIFT+Z uses the Undo or Redo command to reverse or restore the last automatic correction when AutoCorrect Smart Tags are displayed.

Function keys
Key
Description
F1
Displays the Microsoft Office Excel Help task pane.
CTRL+F1 displays or hides the Ribbon, a component of the Microsoft Office Fluent user interface.
ALT+F1 creates a chart of the data in the current range.
ALT+SHIFT+F1 inserts a new worksheet.
F2
Edits the active cell and positions the insertion point at the end of the cell contents. It also moves the insertion point into the Formula Bar when editing in a cell is turned off.
SHIFT+F2 adds or edits a cell comment.
CTRL+F2 displays the Print Preview window.
F3
Displays the Paste Name dialog box.
SHIFT+F3 displays the Insert Function dialog box.
F4
Repeats the last command or action, if possible.
CTRL+F4 closes the selected workbook window.
F5
Displays the Go To dialog box.
CTRL+F5 restores the window size of the selected workbook window.
F6
Switches between the worksheet, Ribbon, task pane, and Zoom controls. In a worksheet that has been split (View menu, Manage This Window, Freeze Panes, Split Window command), F6 includes the split panes when switching between panes and the Ribbon area.
SHIFT+F6 switches between the worksheet, Zoom controls, task pane, and Ribbon.
CTRL+F6 switches to the next workbook window when more than one workbook window is open.
F7
Displays the Spelling dialog box to check spelling in the active worksheet or selected range.
CTRL+F7 performs the Move command on the workbook window when it is not maximized. Use the arrow keys to move the window, and when finished press ENTER, or ESC to cancel.
F8
Turns extend mode on or off. In extend mode, Extended Selection appears in the status line, and the arrow keys extend the selection.
SHIFT+F8 enables you to add a nonadjacent cell or range to a selection of cells by using the arrow keys.
CTRL+F8 performs the Size command (on the Control menu for the workbook window) when a workbook is not maximized.
ALT+F8 displays the Macro dialog box to create, run, edit, or delete a macro.
F9
Calculates all worksheets in all open workbooks.
SHIFT+F9 calculates the active worksheet.
CTRL+ALT+F9 calculates all worksheets in all open workbooks, regardless of whether they have changed since the last calculation.
CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+F9 rechecks dependent formulas, and then calculates all cells in all open workbooks, including cells not marked as needing to be calculated.
CTRL+F9 minimizes a workbook window to an icon.
F10
Turns key tips on or off.
SHIFT+F10 displays the shortcut menu for a selected item.
ALT+SHIFT+F10 displays the menu or message for a smart tag. If more than one smart tag is present, it switches to the next smart tag and displays its menu or message.
CTRL+F10 maximizes or restores the selected workbook window.
F11
Creates a chart of the data in the current range.
SHIFT+F11 inserts a new worksheet.
ALT+F11 opens the Microsoft Visual Basic Editor, in which you can create a macro by using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).
F12
Displays the Save As dialog box.

Other useful shortcut keys
Key
Description
ARROW KEYS
Move one cell up, down, left, or right in a worksheet.
CTRL+ARROW KEY moves to the edge of the current data region (data region: A range of cells that contains data and that is bounded by empty cells or datasheet borders.) in a worksheet.
SHIFT+ARROW KEY extends the selection of cells by one cell.
CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW KEY extends the selection of cells to the last nonblank cell in the same column or row as the active cell, or if the next cell is blank, extends the selection to the next nonblank cell.
LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW selects the tab to the left or right when the Ribbon is selected. When a submenu is open or selected, these arrow keys switch between the main menu and the submenu. When a Ribbon tab is selected, these keys navigate the tab buttons.
DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW selects the next or previous command when a menu or submenu is open. When a Ribbon tab is selected, these keys navigate up or down the tab group.
In a dialog box, arrow keys move between options in an open drop-down list, or between options in a group of options.
DOWN ARROW or ALT+DOWN ARROW opens a selected drop-down list.
BACKSPACE
Deletes one character to the left in the Formula Bar.
Also clears the content of the active cell.
In cell editing mode, it deletes the character to the left of the insertion point.
DELETE
Removes the cell contents (data and formulas) from selected cells without affecting cell formats or comments.
In cell editing mode, it deletes the character to the right of the insertion point.
END
Moves to the cell in the lower-right corner of the window when SCROLL LOCK is turned on.
Also selects the last command on the menu when a menu or submenu is visible.
CTRL+END moves to the last cell on a worksheet, in the lowest used row of the rightmost used column. If the cursor is in the formula bar, CTRL+END moves the cursor to the end of the text.
CTRL+SHIFT+END extends the selection of cells to the last used cell on the worksheet (lower-right corner). If the cursor is in the formula bar, CTRL+SHIFT+END selects all text in the formula bar from the cursor position to the end—this does not affect the height of the formula bar.
ENTER
Completes a cell entry from the cell or the Formula Bar, and selects the cell below (by default).
In a data form, it moves to the first field in the next record.
Opens a selected menu (press F10 to activate the menu bar) or performs the action for a selected command.
In a dialog box, it performs the action for the default command button in the dialog box (the button with the bold outline, often the OK button).
ALT+ENTER starts a new line in the same cell.
CTRL+ENTER fills the selected cell range with the current entry.
SHIFT+ENTER completes a cell entry and selects the cell above.
ESC
Cancels an entry in the cell or Formula Bar.
Closes an open menu or submenu, dialog box, or message window.
It also closes full screen mode when this mode has been applied, and returns to normal screen mode to display the Ribbon and status bar again.
HOME
Moves to the beginning of a row in a worksheet.
Moves to the cell in the upper-left corner of the window when SCROLL LOCK is turned on.
Selects the first command on the menu when a menu or submenu is visible.
CTRL+HOME moves to the beginning of a worksheet.
CTRL+SHIFT+HOME extends the selection of cells to the beginning of the worksheet.
PAGE DOWN
Moves one screen down in a worksheet.
ALT+PAGE DOWN moves one screen to the right in a worksheet.
CTRL+PAGE DOWN moves to the next sheet in a workbook.
CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN selects the current and next sheet in a workbook.
PAGE UP
Moves one screen up in a worksheet.
ALT+PAGE UP moves one screen to the left in a worksheet.
CTRL+PAGE UP moves to the previous sheet in a workbook.
CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE UP selects the current and previous sheet in a workbook.
SPACEBAR
In a dialog box, performs the action for the selected button, or selects or clears a check box.
CTRL+SPACEBAR selects an entire column in a worksheet.
SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects an entire row in a worksheet.
CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects the entire worksheet.
If the worksheet contains data, CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects the current region. Pressing CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR a second time selects the current region and its summary rows. Pressing CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR a third time selects the entire worksheet.
When an object is selected, CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR selects all objects on a worksheet.
ALT+SPACEBAR displays the Control menu for the Microsoft Office Excel window.
TAB
Moves one cell to the right in a worksheet.
Moves between unlocked cells in a protected worksheet.
Moves to the next option or option group in a dialog box.
SHIFT+TAB moves to the previous cell in a worksheet or the previous option in a dialog box.
CTRL+TAB switches to the next tab in dialog box.
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB switches to the previous tab in a dialog box.


Function key reference
Function keys
To do this
Press
Get Help or visit Microsoft Office Online.
F1
Move text or graphics.
F2
Repeat the last action.
F4
Choose the Go To command (Home tab).
F5
Go to the next pane or frame.
F6
Choose the Spelling command (Review tab).
F7
Extend a selection.
F8
Update the selected fields.
F9
Show KeyTips.
F10
Go to the next field.
F11
Choose the Save As command (Microsoft Office Button ).
F12
SHIFT+Function key
To do this
Press
Start context-sensitive Help or reveal formatting.
SHIFT+F1
Copy text.
SHIFT+F2
Change the case of letters.
SHIFT+F3
Repeat a Find or Go To action.
SHIFT+F4
Move to the last change.
SHIFT+F5
Go to the previous pane or frame (after pressing F6).
SHIFT+F6
Choose the Thesaurus command (Review tab, Proofing group).
SHIFT+F7
Shrink a selection.
SHIFT+F8
Switch between a field code and its result.
SHIFT+F9
Display a shortcut menu.
SHIFT+F10
Go to the previous field.
SHIFT+F11
Choose the Save command (Microsoft Office Button ).
SHIFT+F12
CTRL+Function key
To do this
Press
Choose the Print Preview command (Microsoft Office Button ).
CTRL+F2
Cut to the Spike.
CTRL+F3
Close the window.
CTRL+F4
Go to the next window.
CTRL+F6
Insert an empty field.
CTRL+F9
Maximize the document window.
CTRL+F10
Lock a field.
CTRL+F11
Choose the Open command (Microsoft Office Button ).
CTRL+F12
CTRL+SHIFT+Function key
To do this
Press
Insert the contents of the Spike.
CTRL+SHIFT+F3
Edit a bookmark.
CTRL+SHIFT+F5
Go to the previous window.
CTRL+SHIFT+F6
Update linked information in an Office Word 2007 source document.
CTRL+SHIFT+F7
Extend a selection or block.
CTRL+SHIFT+F8, and then press an arrow key
Unlink a field.
CTRL+SHIFT+F9
Unlock a field.
CTRL+SHIFT+F11
Choose the Print command (Microsoft Office Button ).
CTRL+SHIFT+F12
ALT+Function key
To do this
Press
Go to the next field.
ALT+F1
Create a new Building Block.
ALT+F3
Exit Office Word 2007.
ALT+F4
Restore the program window size.
ALT+F5
Move from an open dialog box back to the document, for dialog boxes such as Find and Replace that support this behavior.
ALT+F6
Find the next misspelling or grammatical error.
ALT+F7
Run a macro.
ALT+F8
Switch between all field codes and their results.
ALT+F9
Maximize the program window.
ALT+F10
Display Microsoft Visual Basic code.
ALT+F11
ALT+SHIFT+Function key
To do this
Press
Go to the previous field.
ALT+SHIFT+F1
Choose the Save command (Microsoft Office Button ).
ALT+SHIFT+F2
Display the Research task pane.
ALT+SHIFT+F7
Run GOTOBUTTON or MACROBUTTON from the field that displays the field results.
ALT+SHIFT+F9
Display a menu or message for a smart tag.
ALT+SHIFT+F10
CTRL+ALT+Function key
To do this
Press
Display Microsoft System Information.
CTRL+ALT+F1
Choose the Open command (Microsoft Office Button ).
CTRL+ALT+F2
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PICTURE OF NATH JI

The new Vioce Sensation

Raja Hasan

(Currentry His Album Selected For Oscar Nominiess)

Raja Hasan:

Date of Birth : 25th December 1980

Place of Birth : Biakner, Rajasthan, India

Biography :

Raja Hasan Sagar (born in 1980) was a finalist on Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007 who achieved 1st runner up in the competition attaining 3,52,40,963 votes in the final two weeks later on, the result was surrounded in a shroud of

controversy, as one of the mentors (Ismail Darbar) disclosed that the results were rigged and Raja Hasan was actually winner of the show…a claim denied by zee tv but they did accept that he topped the polls in Indian voting. Initially, Raja Hasan was eliminated on 23 June in Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007 but was voted back by the public along with Harpreet Deol in the Brahmashtra round.

Raja Hasan, A new musical sensation comes from the desert city of Bikaner (chhotikashi) in Rajasthan. Raja who considers his father Rafiq Sagar and his grand father Allah Rakha Khan as his Guru in singing. His family belongs to the royal singers of the Jodhpur State thus singing comes naturally to Raja and he has brought this legacy to the international area.

Raja has three younger sisters along with his parents in his family. He has perfected the art of classical singing with the held of his father and grand father. Raja has inherited music therefore he looks very normal and keeps smiling while performing even the most complicated classical songs.Raja efforts and melodious singing makes him a new heart throb of the music world all across India. With his mellifluous voice Raja has won many hearts in Middle East too. During his stage shows in abroad Raja has made people dance on his tune.

Raja has practiced the classical singing for almost 18 years. His first song at the age of 7 where he left everybody stunned with his amazing performance and the music Pandits had announced the advent of a true genius. The little prodigy of then has turned into a well built handsome Raja at present a true champion of the music world. Amitabh, Amir and Shahrukh Khan are the favorites of this shy, coy and handsome singer. Truly Raja Hasan a great singer and a star in the making.

Speculation is rife about whether Raja Hasan is married or not, well the answer is ‘yes.’ He fell in love, eloped and married his true love Ayesha and has never looked back. Raja also has a 9 year old daughter Sanya.He has lived in Mumbai for the past 8 years struggling as a singer before hitting it bigtime in Saregamapa 2007. Although Raja was tipped to be the winner, Aneek Dhar won the title in the end, shrouded in a cloud of controversy, but it fret not as Raja has already rumored bagging many lucrative projects which include working alongside Adnan Sami, Shanker-Ehsaan-Loy, Vishal-Shekhar and Bappi Lahiri.

He recently participated in an indian reality show that was telecasted on Sony. Ustadon ka Ustad where he won with a cash prize of Rs.10 lakhs and Rs.1 lakh cash voucher. Raja Hasan and Jaswir Kaur also won the ZEE TV dance and singing show Ek Se Badhkar Ek and won cash prize of Rs.25 Lakhs.

Rasgulla

Bikaner Sweet House is very famous at Model Town II. There is always so much rush in this sweet house. They have so many varieties of sweets. I love sweets very much especially Ras malai and Chenna pies from this store. Whenever I go to this store I buy either of them extra. This shop is very spacious and have many staffs working so hard. They offers traditional India sweets, Namkeens, cakes, pastries, spices, soft drinks, dry fruits, bhujia, papad, Snacks, samosas and a variety of sweets. You are sure to cherish the taste of these specialities for a long time once you come here.

Their sweets are very tasty and mouth watering. Some of the sweets are Gajar Halwa, Rasmalai, Kulfi, Ladoo, Bikaner Special Ladoo, Dhoda, Gulab Jaman, Patisa, Mesur, Besan Burfi, Gujia, Alsi Pinni, Kaju Burfi, Peda, Nariyal Burfi, Kaju Kamal Phool, Gulkand Burfi, Tiranga, Kaju Gunjia, Rasgulla, Dilbahaar, Pakiza, Chena Murchi, Milk Cake, Basan Ladoo, Khoya Burfi, etc. They also have various Namkeen like Kaju Punjabi Mix, Gathia, Peanut, Matar, Bundi, Plain Bhujia, Moong Dal, Chevda, Sevian, Dal Mixed Moong, Chana Dal, Green Peas, Different Mathi, etc.

You can buy cakes and order cakes in advance of your favorite flavor and design. Here for all the occasions cakes are available. You can buy it for Party cake, birthday cake, anniversary cake or any other specialty cakes. They have both egg and egg less cakes available. They offer a variety of cake flavors, icings and fillings. The flavor includes chocolate, orange, key lime, strawberry, pineapple, white chocolate, butter scotch, raspberry, hazelnut, vanilla bean, chocolate mint, banana, mango, irish cream,
peanut butter, mocha and many other. You can choose either of them. They also sell Mousses, fudge, and preserves and you can add these in the cakes also which are included in the price of the cake. Fruits, custard, cannoli, and cream cheese carry an extra charge and the price of the cake depends on the size of the cake.


You will never have any complain about their food items. They use premium quality oil and other products to make this special item. These are the favorite food items of all. All the ages of people likes their food very much and they spell the richness of tradition, joy, love, affection, festivity, celebration and happiness. This shop presents their excellence, quality and also the sweets are affordable. The quality of sweets are great. They have many gifts items too. You can find chocolates gift pack, sweets gift pack, dry fruits gift pack and all the various sweet together in one pack as a gift on various occasions like Diwali, Holi and other festivals. They have all the sweets available through out the year.

One of the custom in Delhi is sharing happiness and gifts with other in each occasions. Here people celebrate occasions and arrival of new seasons serving and distributing sweets. And I think on all important festivals in India, sweets continue to be the most favorite gift to convey greetings. I always buy sweets from here especially the packed one which has all the different barfis in one pack. I celebrate those special occasions savoring their sweets at my home. Rossogollas and Gulab Jamuns is my husbands best sweet from the Bikaner Sweet House. I think its worth buying, eating and sharing sweets to be happy and spread happy with sweets. I think its a best way to gratify your sweet tooth with their mouth-watering delicacies.

Just next to this shop there are few other sweets shop and also a family store called Vijay Store where you can buy apparels, cosmetics, footwear, home care, kitchen appliances, gift items, fashionable purses and many other accessories and all very excellent and quality product from this store. McDonalds is very near and in the same building is located Affinity Salon. Hotspot and Vodafone Store is also near to this shop. There are also many other shops from where you can shop and have fun. The staffs are very humbled and do the work very fast. As you order anything you will get it without wasting time even if there is so many rush you will observe excellence in their work.

The Most Popular Comunication

Mobile-Internet

1)
Mobile-: In some years back if u want to communication, then u send a letter by piezon, a person etc. After the search development of telephone by grahm bail then link, communication go very easier. but earier the telephone connected through wires. after some years of development the telephone are without wire, calls wire less phone. That development born Mobile phone. Now the current century mobile are most popular way for communication.









2) Internet- The internet is start for connected some may be two or three computer each other by wires. Then all connected computer are use for transferring data one to another, thats call networking. After some year of progress the link or connection of one comuter to another all computer in word through data supplying provider. The internet is born. Now its use all where

Tazmahal

History Of Taj Mahal

For centuries, the Taj Mahal has inspired poets, painters and musicians to try and capture its elusive magic in word, colour and song. It is one of the most flawless architectural creations of the world. Since the 17th century, travellers have crossed continents to come and see this ultimate memorial to love, and few have been unmoved by its incomparable beauty.

Taj Mahal stands in the city of Agra, in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, on the banks of the Yamuna River. It was built in the memory of the beautiful Arjumand Bano Begum, who won the heart of a Mughal prince. She was married at 21 to Emperor Jahangir’s third son Prince Khurram and stayed loyally by his side through good times and bad: in the luxurious royal palaces of Agra as well as the transient tents of war camps.

In AD 1628, Khurram became king after a bloody battle of succession: he took the name Shahjahan or “King of the World” and showered his beloved begum with the highest titles. She became Mumtaz Mahal, the exalted of the palace and Mumtaz-ul-Zamani, the exalted of the Age. But Mumtaz Mahal was not destined to be queen for long.
Taj Mahal Agra
In 1631, Shahjahan went on an expedition to the south and, as always, Mumtaz Mahal accompanied him. But she died in childbirth at Burhanpur. She had borne Shahjahan fourteen children, of whom four sons and three daughters survived. When Mumtaz Mahal died, she was just 39 years old. Shahjahan was inconsolable and contemporary chronicles tell of the royal court mourning for two years. there was no music, no feasting, and no celebration of any kind.

Epitome Of Love -Taj Mahal
Shahjahan, who was a passionate builder, now decided to erect a memorial to his queen in pristine marble that the world would never forget. The site selected for the tomb was a garden by the Yamuna river, unshadowed by any other structure. The garden had been laid by Raja Man Singh of Amber and now belonged to his grndson, Raja Jai Singh. By a royal firman, Shahjahan gave Jai Singh four havelis in exchange for the garden. The site was also chosen because it was located on a bend in the river, and so could be seen from Shahjahan’s personal palace in Agra Fort, further upstream.

Construction Of The Mausoleum - Taj Mahal
Work on the mausoleum began in 1633 and 20,000 workers laboured for 17 years to build it. The most skilled architects, inlay craftsmen, calligraphers, stone-carvers and masons came from all across Indian and lands as distant as Persia and Turkey. The master mason was from Baghdab, an expert in building the double dome from Persia, and an inlay specialist from Delhi.

Yemen sent agates, the corals came from Arabia, the garnets from Bundelkhand, onyx and amethyst from Persia. Mumtaz Mahal’s final resting-place was ornamented like a queen’s jewel-box.

EQUIPMENT of desktop computer

now lets get one thing strait to start out with, ill repect the first guide of how to build a computer, but at the same time will say it does not go into details that much.

EQUIPMENT

Through this i will specify the characteristics of
a-) a budget computer - common price -
b-) a midrange computer -common price
c-) a high end computer -common price-

so for example if im talking about cooling

a-) Stock Processor heatsink/fan, 2-3 case fans.- Processor heatsink/fan included w/ processor single 80mm(standard) fans usually run 3-7$ea. - 20$ max
b-) Aftermarket CPU/GPU cooling, 4+ fans- GPU cooling around 40, CPU 30-60 so 100$max
c-) Water-cooled component setup- 300$ for decent setup EXOS-2 or 3 system reccomended

so it is very structured in nature and houldnt be hard to understand. my prices may be off but al long as you know what kind of stuff is under which you should have a good idea of what to get.

Im mentioning theese in the order in which you sould get them.

CASE- basically the representation of the computer, its all a "you" thing mostly, some cases offer superior cooling possibilities, but some offer sleek styling etc. reminder- Plastic is inferior to metal as far as computer cases go in terms of durability and cooling, for more metal= more heat dissapation. HOWEVER if your one of those people who intends on running your rig at higher than normal temperatures, you ant a bit more plastic in it, metal dissapates better, but with higher temps will keep a warmer surface temperature than plastic. ATX is reccomended for space and compatibility.

a-) Standard budget case, usually mixed metal/plastic assembly, dominantly plastic. 25-40$
b-) steel/aluminum case, possible windows and integrated cooling/ I/O& USB on front panels- 45-90$
c-) Full tower case, aluminum, integrated cooling, fan control, I/O, USB- 100-200$

CPU- One of the most important components of your computer, for the midrange builder, the possibility of "overclocking" a CPU is always a possibility to squeeze some extra frequency out of your chip. Most processors have included with them a heatsink and fan. If your gonna go big, be ready for the more beastly models can run you into the 700's. More mhz= faster, 1000mhz= 1ghz. L1 & L2 cache is important, again more=better. Dual core models are better suited for desktop applications, like running many at once, but may not be prevalent in its price range to single core processors running higher freqencies. Please note the socket of your processor (939, 940 etc.)

a-) 1.5-2.2 ghz, 64+64 L1 cache, 512-1mb L2 cache, typically 2000mhz Hyper Transport- 100$ max.
b-)2.0ghz- 2.6ghz, Dual core possible, 128+128 L1, 1mb L2 cache 2ghz HT, 100-200$
c-)2.6ghz+, Dual core@ 2.6-8, 128+128L1, 2X1mb L2 cache 2ghz HT, 200$+

GPU (Video Card
)- One of the more obsessed parts of a computer by those who play games, can get by VERY cheap on budget computers, but if your going high-end itll cost ya. more memory= better, more GPU& memory frequency= even better. GDDR3 is better than GDDR2, SLi and cossfire are systems that enable 2 video cards on 1 computer (see motherboard) -IF YOU WANT A MOTHERBOARD WITH INTEGRATED GRAPHICS PLEASE SKIP THIS!

(CPU FREQUENCY/MEM FREQUENCY/MEM AMOUNT/MEM TYPE)

a-)- (200-400mhz/300-600mhz/32-128mb/DDR)- 15-60$
b-)- (400-500mhz/600-1000mhz/128-256mb/gddr2,gddr3) 70-190$
c-)- X2(500-700mhz/1000-2000mhz/256-512mb/gddr3,gddr4)SLi/Cossfire enabled, some can be Dual core 200+$

RAM - Sometimes is overlooked, is basically part of the CPU process. PC**** the bigger the # the better, also see timings, the lower, the better so 2-8-8-7 is better than 3-9-7-11

a-)- 128-512mb of pc2700- 60-80$
b-)- 512-1gb pc 3200- 200$ max.
c-)- 1gb+ pc4000 or more- upwards of 300$ for good 2gb

Hard Drives- more rpm= faster recieving times, look for bigger buffer sizes also.

a-)- 40-100GB IDE drive 5400-7200 RPM- 100$ max
b-)- 100GB-300GB SATA(Serial ATA) drive- 7200 RPM typical- 100-200$
c-)- 500GB+ SATA/SATA2 RAID 250$ and up

Power Supply - More Amps on each voltage line is the most important, wattage is key also. more= better, you can never overpower a computer. Be sure that if your GPU requires a certain type of power supply, (usually SLI) its supported.

a-)- 150-300wt standard- 15-50$
b-)- 350-450wt standard/ maybe modular- 75-100$
c-)- 500+wt Modular- 110$+


Motherboard - IMPORTANT!!!!!- Look to see if your motherboard supports your GPU, CPU, Memory and hard drives!!!, also make sure it fits your case!! youll thank yourself for paying a bit more here, cheaper boards tend to give you alot more problems than you bargained for and may damage other things in the computer.

a-)- Standard 2 ram slots, pci, no SATA support, integrated graphics- 40-70$
b-)- AGP4x/8x or PCI express, 2-4 ram slots, SATA multi-channel sound- 70-130$
c-)- SLi, Crossfire enabled, PCI expressx16, 4 ram slots, SATA, 5.1 integrated audio- 200-300$

CD drives- Almost like case, its all user preference, havent been too many advancements here and theres really no ridiculously high-performance drives. i wont tier them a,b,and c ill just verbally depict them.
- Read-only devices are the way to go for a cheap drive.
- a good cd-r/w drive will run abou 60-80
- a drive capable of burning DVD's would be as high-end as i could imagine...

Cooling (look familiar?)- Well as we all know we gotta keep our baby cool, more heat literally can make the machine more unfriendly. The more insane your computer's performance is,the more you need to invest in cooling, simple as that. DO pay well for cooling if you intend to overclock. Look up a guide to thermal grease also, ive found that spreading it with playing cards woorks best but a guide will give you the finer details to the art. use caution with a water cooling system for it IS water, or some sort of liquid and your electronics will not not play nice if it ever leaves the tubing

a-) Stock Processor heatsink/fan, 2-3 case fans.- Processor heatsink/fan included w/ processor single 80mm(standard) fans usually run 3-7$ea. - 20$ max
b-) Aftermarket CPU/GPU cooling, 4+ fans- GPU cooling around 40, CPU 30-60 so 100$max
c-) Water-cooled component setup- 300$ for decent setup EXOS-2 or 3 system reccomended


after that your left with

OS--- ALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL and let me emplasize ALLLLLLLLL opinions here... could go apple, linux, windows, where it stops nobody knows... its all preference. for there is no "high performance" OS, ill throw out an estimate of 100-150 for a solid OS.


From there, you may choose little addons, like PCI cards (sound, wireless, SATA), fan controllers, case lighting etc, which is WAY to much for me to describe to you.

Youll find that with all the manuals to your hardware, your instructions (if you bough from good companies) are very clear and you should basically be able to assemble it from there.



RAID- Basically multiple hard drives simulated into one big drive, possiblity of making drives faster.