Shri Ram Chopai

Shri Ram Chopai

All Generation Operating System Progress

1985 Windows 1.0

The First Version of Microsoft Windows, Windows 1.0, with simple applications and the concept of multitasking on PC 1987 Windows 2.0

The Second Version of Windows, Windows 2.0 with some fixes and the Control Panel. 1988 Windows 2.1

The Second Version of Windows with some additions, and some fixes, Windows 2.1, the Paint software is seen in this one! 1990 Windows 3.0

The Third Version of Windows, Windows 3.0, featuring the File Manager and Program Manager, replacing the old MS DOS based File and Program Managers. 1992 Windows 3.1

The later released upgraded version of Windows 3.0, which had support for 32-bit Disk Access, Personalization options and had the Minesweeper game for the first time. 1995 Windows 95

Windows 95, the changed look, the new interface and the beginning of the form of Windows which we see now. Enhanced Graphics and better Communication Programs. 1998 Windows 98

Windows 98, one of the most successful versions of Windows till now, this version of Windows can still be seen in some PCs even today. With Extended Softwares, better Performance, this Version was the first milestone in the path of the development of Windows. 2000 Windows ME

Windows ME or Windows Millenium Edition, though not a very popular version of Windows, but still it had some better tools and performance than the previous ones in some cases. 2001 Windows XP

Windows XP, the Daddy of all versions of Windows, the most popular version of windows even today. Windows XP is still used today because of its unmatched performance, tools and interface. This has been the best version of Windows till the arrival of Windows 7. 2006 Windows Vista

Windows Vista, though it did n’t go so well in the public, but still its a good version of Windows specially for the interface the Windows Aero™ Effect, making the Window Transparency work like magic. 2009 Windows 7

Windows 7, the best version of Windows till date. With the new and advanced features such as the Superbar, this version of Windows created another milestone for Microsoft after Windows 98 and Windows XP. Windows 7 features an unbeatable user interface, and powerful tools that makes it the best among the rest. 2012 Windows 8

Windows 8, to be released in the late 2012. The interface of Windows 8 as seen at the D9 Conference. A better version of Windows as proposed by Microsoft, with the changed User Interface.

The Universal

Bhagwan Vishnu ki Shivopasna & Sudarshan Chakra

Designer Border's

Lokpal Bill India is a country where honesty and integrity in public and private life have been glorified and upheld in great epics such as the Vedas, Upanishads and in the books and practices of every religion practiced here. Yet, India today is one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Bringing public servants under a scanner which makes them strictly accountable is the start of a movement against corruption in India. And one significant step in attacking the spectre of corruption in India will be the implementation of the lok pal bill. The Indian Lokpal is synonymous to the institution of Ombudsman existing in the Scandinavian countries. The office of the ombudsman originated in Sweden in 1809 A.D., and adopted eventually by many nations 'as a bulwark of democratic government against the tyranny of officialdom'. Ombudsman is a Swedish word that stands for "an officer appointed by the legislature to handle complaints against administrative and judicial action. Traditionally the ombudsman is appointed based on unanimity among all political parties supporting the proposal. The incumbent, though appointed by the legislature, is an independent functionary - independent of all the three organs of the state, but reports to the legislature. The Ombudsman can act both on the basis ofcomplaints made by citizens, or suo moto. She/he can look into allegations of corruption as well as mal-administration. The functionary is called by different names in different countries; its power and functions also vary. In the Scandinavian countries2 (Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway) he is called the 'Ombudsman'. He can take cognizance of thecitizens' grievance by either directly receiving complaints from the public or suo moto on the basis of information provided by the interested persons, or from newspapers, etc. However, in the U.K. the functionary - known as the Parliamentary Commissioner - can receive complains only through members of parliament. The ombudsmen can investigate a complaint by themselves or through any public or private agency. After investigation, in Sweden and Finland, the Ombudsman has the power to prosecute erring public servants; whereas in Denmark, he can only order prosecution. However, the power of prosecution is very rarely used. The strength of the ombudsman lies in the publicity attached to the office, and the negative view that attaches itself to all that the office scrutinises. In Sweden and Finland, ombudsmen can also supervise the courts. In other countries, their authority is only over the non-judicial public servants. In almost all the cases they deal with complaints relating to both corruption and mal-administration. Objectives of the Lokpal Bill: The Lokpal was visualized as the watchdog institution on ministerial probity. Broadly the provisions of different bills empowered the Lokpal to investigate corruption cases against political persons at the Central level. Some important features of the Lokpal Bill have varied over the years; in its most recent avatar, the bill contains the following. • The main objective is to provide speedy, cheaper from of justice to people. • Members: Lokpal is to be a three member body with a chairperson who is or has been a chief justice or judge of the Supreme Court; and its two other members who are orhave been judges or chief justices of high courts around the country. • Appointment : The chairperson and members shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal on the recommendation of a committee consisting of the following persons. It's not clear whether the committee has to make a unanimous decision or a majority decision will do. (a) The Vice-President (Chairman) (b) The PM (c) The Speaker of LS (d) Home Minister (e) Leader of the House, other than the house in which PM is a member. (f) Leaders of Opposition of both the houses. • Independence of the Office: In order to ensure the independence of functioning of the august office, the following provisions have been incorporated. o Appointment is to be made on the recommendation of a committee. o The Lokpal is ineligible to hold any office of profit under Government of India or of any state, or similar such posts after retirement. o Fixed tenure of three years and can be removed only on the ground of proven misbehaviour or incapacity after an inquiry made by CJI and two senior most judges of SC. o Lokpal will have its own administrative machinery for conducting investigations. o Salary of Lokpal is to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India. Jurisdiction of Lokpal: o The central level political functionaries like the Council of Ministers including the Prime Minister, the Members of Parliament etc. o He can not inquire into any allegation against the PM in relation to latter's functions of national security and public order. o Complaints of offense committed within 10 years from the date of complaint can be taken up for investigation, not beyond this period. • Any person other than a public servant can make a complaint. The Lokpal is supposed to complete the inquiry within a period of six months. The Lokpal has the power of a civil court to summon any person or authority. After investigation, the ombudsman can only recommend actions to be taken by the competent authority. A number of safeguardshave been taken to discourage false complains or complain of malafide intent. • He can order search and seizure operations. • He shall present annually to the President the reports of investigation and the latter with the action take report has to put it before the both houses of parliament. It may be noted that the Lokpal is supposed to investigate cases of corruption only, and not address himself to redressing grievances in respect of injustices and hardship caused by maladministration. THE CURRENT SITUATION: Very recently a highly discouraging phenomenon has come to light, that is, the prevalence of corruption in the subordinate courts and even in High Courts. Probably due to this, the present government has planned to bring the Judiciary within the purview of Lok pal; this is one reason why the Bill has been referred to the Group ofMinisters . However given the history of Lok pal bill, there is a constant risk that the bill will simply lapse because no conclusion is reached within the life of this Lok Sabha! The political fraternity is understandably opposed to a Lok pal, since the purported target of the Lokpal is mainly the politicians themselves. The publicly stated reason for the current delay is that some important issues are as yet unresolved.

Shammi Kapoor

Shammi Kapoor
Born Shamsher Raj Kapoor
20 October 1931
Mumbai, Maharastra, India
Died 14 August 2011 (aged 79)
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Occupation Actor
Years active 1952–2011
Height 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
Spouse Geeta Bali
(m. 1955–1965; her death)
Neela
(m. 1969–2011; his death)
Website
junglee.org.in
Shammi Kapoor (born Shamsher Raj Kapoor; 21 October 1931– 14 August 2011) was an Indian film actor and director. He was a prominent lead actor in Hindi cinema from the late 1950s until the early 1970s.
Shammi Kapoor was hailed as one of the finest actors that Hindi cinema had ever produced. Extremely versatile as an actor, he was the leading star of Hindi cinema during the late 1950s as well as the 1960s. He debuted in Bollywood in 1953 with the film Jeevan Jyoti, and went on to deliver hits like Tumsa Nahin Dekha, Dil Deke Dekho, Junglee, Dil Tera Diwana, Professor, China Town, Rajkumar, Kashmir Ki Kali, Janwar, Teesri Manzil, An Evening in Paris, Bramhachari, and Andaz and Vidhaata. He received the Filmfare Best Actor Award in 1968 for his performance in Brahmachari and Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for Vidhaata in 1982.
He was given the name Shamsher Raj Kapoor at his birth in Mumbai to film and theatre actor Prithviraj Kapoor, Shammi was the second of the three sons born to Prithviraj (the other two being Raj Kapoor and Shashi Kapoor), both of whom were, like their father, successful Bollywood actors. Though born in Mumbai, he spent a major portion of his childhood in Kolkata, where his father was involved with New Theatres Studios, acting in films. It was in Kolkata that he did his Montessory and Kindergarten. After coming back to Mumbai, he first went to St. Joseph's Convent (Wadala) and then, to Don Bosco School. Shammi Kapoor finished his schooling from New Era School, at Hughes Road.
Shammi Kapoor had a short stint at Ruia College, in Matunga, Mumbai, after which he joined his father’s theatrical company "Prithvi Theatres". He entered the cinema world in 1948, as a junior artiste, at a salary of Rs. 1500 per month, stayed with Prithvi Theatres for the next four years and collected his last paycheck, Rs. 3000, in 1952. He made his debut in Bollywood in the year 1953, when the film Jeevan Jyoti was released. It was directed by Mr. Mahesh Kaul and Chand Usmani was Kapoor’s first heroine.
Film career
Kapoor started out with serious roles but with Filmistan's Nasir Hussain directed Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957) opposite Ameeta and Dil Deke Dekho (1959) with Asha Parekh, he attained the image of a light-hearted, stylish playboy. Tall, athletic, lively, fair complexioned, green-eyed and with handsome features, Shammi was a heartthrob, and his good looks and physique complemented his image. Both the films were debut films of the respective actresses Ameeta and Asha Parekh and both went on to be big hits and are regarded as classics.
With Junglee (1961) his new image was cemented and his subsequent films were all in this genre. He particularly chose Mohammed Rafi as his playback voice. Though in his early career he had often played second fiddle to established heroines like Madhubala in films such as Rail Ka Dibba (1953) and Naqab and opposite Suraiya in Shama Parwana, producers after 1960 apart from the actresses from southern India, loved pairing Shammi with new heroines, three of them became huge stars in their own right in Hindi films: Asha Parekh, Saira Banu, and Sharmila Tagore of all his heroines, he said that Sharmila Tagore, Rajshree, and Asha Parekh were easy to work with He and Asha Parekh were paired together in four films, the most successful being the murder mystery Teesri Manzil (1966) and romantic film Jawan Mohabbat.
In the early fifties he accepted serious roles in women oriented films like Shama Parwana (1954), comedy flick Mem Sahib (1956) and thrillers like Miss Coca Cola (1956) and Chor Bazar (1954), which were all successful at box office and in tragic love story Mirza Sahiban (1957) (a box office flop), but did not gain recognition and fame among the masses. Other than the above hits, he had fifteen films as flops to his credit till 1957. It was only after triple success of Tumsa Nahi Dekha (1957), Ujala and Dil Dil Deke Deko (both 1959), that he became popular with the audience and became a star. The other hits in late fifties included Mujrim(1958), Char Dil Char Rahen, Raat Ke Raahi (1959). In the first half of the 1960s, Kapoor was seen in successful films like College Girl, Basant, Singapore, Boy Friend, Professor, Dil Tera Diwana, Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya, China Town, Kashmir Ki Kali, Bluff Master, Janwar and Rajkumar. Although nominated before, in 1968, he received the first Filmfare Best Actor award of his career for the film Bramhachari.
His pairing opposite Southern heroines were always a success at the box office. He delivered hits opposite B. Saroja Devi like Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya and Preet Na Jane Reet, with Padmini gave Singapore (1960 film), opposite Vyjayanthimala had hits like College Girl and Prince (1969 film). In the sixties his successful run continued untill new romantic incon Rajesh Khanna entered the scene in 1969. Sharmila Tagore and Saira Banu who made their Bollywood debuts with Shammi Kapoor in ‘Kashmir Ki Kali’ and ‘Junglee’ respectively However Shammi did have commercial successes in late sixties, like Budtameez and Sachaai with Sadhana, Latt Saheb with Nutan, Tumse Achha Kaun Hai with Babita.
In the 1970s, Kapoor’s weight problem proved an obstacle in his path of success and ended his career as a romantic hero as his films started failing. His last hit film, in which he played the lead role, was Andaz (1971). With time, he moved to character roles and acted in films like Zameer, Hero and Vidhaata. In 1974, he donned the hat of a director and made Manoranjan, a film based on Irma La Douce. Two years later, he made Bandalbaaz (1976). However, both the films failed to create magic at the box office. His last appearance as a character actor was in the delayed 2006 film, Sandwich and in early 2011, he decided to act with his grand-nephew Ranbir Kapoor, the grandson of his brother Raj Kapoor.
Shammi turned into a successful supporting actor in the 70's, playing Saira Banu's father in Zameer (1974), when he had been her leading man a decade earlier in Junglee (1961) and Bluff Master (1964) and playing Amitabh Bachchan's foster father in Parvarish. He also directed Manoranjan (1974) a copy of Irma La Douce and in which he played a supporting role himself and Bundal Baaz (1976) starring Rajesh Khanna, but neither were successful commercially though got critical acclaims and were hailed as classics and to be ahead of its time. In the 1980s and 1990s, he continued to play supporting roles in many films and won a Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for his performance in Vidhaata (1982). He eventually cut down on film appearances by the late 1990s and early 2000s and made his appearances in the 1999 Salman Khan and Urmila Matondkar starring Jaanam Samjha Karo, 2002 release Waah! Tera Kya Kehna and delayed 2006 release Sandwich. He made his last appearance in Imtiaz Ali's directorial venture Rockstar co-starring his grand-nephew Ranbir Kapoor, the grandson of his brother Raj Kapoor.
Film director Shakti Samanta directed Shammi Kapoor in six hit films like Singapore, Pagla Kahin Ka, China Town, Kashmir Ki Kali, An Evening In Paris and Jaane Anjane and quoted in an interview “I found Shammi to be a thoroughly good man. Even in his heydays, he was humble."
Personal life
Shammi Kapoor met Geeta Bali in 1955, during the shooting of the film ‘Rangeen Raaten’, where he was the leading actor and she played a cameo. They fell in love, but since she was a year older to him and had acted with his elder brother and father, they were skeptical. Four months after they first met, they married at Banganga Temples, near Napean Sea Road of Mumbai. Hari Walia as the sole witness. They informed their parents only after their marriage. Geeta Bali did cameo in Shammi starrers 'Rangin Raaten' and Mujrim (1958) and were paired together in Coffee House, a box office dud and the successful Miss Coca Cola.
Shammi and Geeta lived a life of bliss in the coming years. They had a son, Aditya Raj Kapoor, on 1 July 1956, at Shirodkar's Hospital, Mumbai, a year after they were married. Five years later, in 1961, they had a daughter, Kanchan.
Tragedy struck in 1965, during the filming of Teesri Manzil. Geeta died of small pox, leaving Shammi with two small children.
It led to a failed romance with Mumtaz, his co-star from Brahmchari (1968).
In 1969, he married his second wife Neela Devi Gohil from the former royal family of Bhavnagar in Gujarat. He was gaining weight rather significantly now and this ended his career as a romantic hero in the early 1970s. Andaz (1971) was one of his last hits.
Shammi Kapoor was the founder and chairman of Internet Users Community of India (IUCI). He had also played a major role in setting up internet organizations like the Ethical Hackers Association. Kapoor also maintained a website dedicated to the 'Kapoor family’.
In 2006, he told interviewers that he underwent dialysis three times a week. Irrepressible even then, this punishing regimen has failed to depress him. Rather, he said that he was thankful to God for giving him so much.
He died around 5:15 am, 14 August 2011 at Mumbai Breach Candy hospital, where he was undergoing treatment for chest infection. He died of renal failure.
Awards, nominations and other recognition
• 1962 - Filmfare Nomination as Best Actor--Professor
• 1968 - Filmfare Best Actor Award, Brahmachari
• 1982 - Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award, Vidhata
• 1995 - Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award
• 1998 - Kalakar Awards - Special Award for "contribution in Indian Cinema"
• 1999 - Zee Cine Award for Lifetime Achievement
• 2001 - Star Screen Lifetime Achievement Award
• 2001 - Anandalok Awards Lifetime Achievement Award
• 2002 - Invaluable Contribution To Indian Cinema at the IIFA.
• 2005 - Lifetime Achievement Award at the Bollywood Movie Awards
• 2008 - Lifetime Achievement Award for his contribution to Indian cinema at the Pune International Film Festival (PIFF).
• 2009 - Phalke Legend Actor Award by the Dadasaheb Phalke Academy
• Recipient of the prestigious Living Legend Award by the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the Indian entertainment industry.
• Rashtriya Gaurav Award
Partial filmography
• Jeevan Jyoii (1953)
• Rail Ka Dibba (1953)
• Thokar (1953)
• Laila Majnu (1953) Nutan
• Ladki (1953)
• Gul Sanobar (1953)
• Khoj (1953)
• Shama Parwana (1954)
• Mehbooba (1954)
• Ehsan (1954)
• Chor Bazar (1954)
• Tangewali (1955)
• Naqab (1955)
• Miss Coca Cola (1955)
• Daku (1955)
• Sipahsalar (1956)
• Rangeen Raatein (1956) Mala Sinha
• Memsahib (1956)
• Hum Sab Chor Hain (1956)
• Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957 film) Ameeta
• Maharani (1957)
• Coffee House (1957)
• Mirza Sahiban (1957)
• Mujrim (1958)
• Dil Deke Dekho (1958) Asha Parekh
• Ujala (1959) Mala Sinha
• Raat ke Raahi (1959)
• Mohar (1959)
• Basant (1960)
• College Girl (1960) Vyjayanthimala
• Singapore (1960) Padmini
• Boyfriend (1961)
• Junglee (1961) Saira Banu
• Dil Tera Diwana (1962) Mala Sinha
• Professor (1962) Kalpana
• China Town (1962) Shakeela/Helen
• Bluff Master (1963)
• Shahid Bhagat Singh (1963)
• Jab Se Tumhe Dekha Hai (1963)
• Pyar Kiya To Darna kya (1963)
• Rajkumar (1964) Sadhana
• Kashmir Ki Kali (1964) Sharmila Tagore
• Janwar (1965) Rajashri
• Teesri Manzi (1966) Anil Kumar
• Preet Na Jaane Reet (1966)
• Budtameez (1966)
• An Evening in Paris (1967) Sharmila Tagore
• Laat Saheb (1967) Nutan
• Brahmachari (1968) Rajashri
• Prince (1969) Vyjayanthimala
• Tum se Acchaa Kaun Hai (1969) Babita
• Sachchai (1969) Sadhana
• Pagla Kahin Ka (1970) Asha Parekh/Helen
• Andaz (1971) Hema Malini/Simi
• Jawan Mohabbat (1971) Asha Parekh
• Jaane Anjane (1971) Leena Chandavarkar
• Parvarish (1973)
• Zameer (1973)
• Manoranjan (1974) Zeenat Aman
• Chhote Sarkar (1974) Sadhana
• Shalimar (1978)
• Meera (1979) .... Raja Vikramjeet Singh Sesodia
• Professor Pyarela (1981)
• Rocky (1981)
• Naseeb (1981)
• Prem Rog (1982) Sushma Seth
• Vidhaata (1982)
• Desh Premee (1982)
• Hero (1983) Urmila Bhat
• Betaab (1983)
• Sohni Mahiwal (1984)
• Hukumat (1987)
• Ijaazat (1988)
• Ajooba (1991)
• Tahelka (1992)
• Chamatkar (1992)
• Sukham Sukhakaram (1994) (Malayalam)
• Aur Pyar Ho Gaya (1996) Shammi
• Kareeb (1998)
• Jaanam Samjha Karo (1999)
• East Is East (1999)
• Yeh Hay Jalwa
• Waah! Tera Kya Kehna (2002)
• Bhola in Bollywood (2005)
• Sandwich (2006)
• Rockstar (film) (2011)
Death
Kapoor was admitted to Breach Candy Hospital on 7 August 2011 suffering from chronic renal failure. His condition remained serious for next few days, kept under ventilator support. He died on 14 August 2011, 05:15am IST, of chronic renal failure, aged 79.